Intangiriro
Mu nganda zigezweho, kwizerwa kwamashanyarazi no kwerekana ibimenyetso ni ngombwa. Inganda ziteranijwe cyane, ibikoresho byo gutunganya imiti, ubwiherero bwa semiconductor, hamwe nibigo byamakuru byishingikiriza kumashanyarazi yumuriro neza kugirango atware imashini ziremereye, amaboko ya robo, hamwe na progaramu ya logique igenzura. Nyamara, inyuma yuburyo bukora neza, amashanyarazi adasanzwe akunda guceceka imbere mubikoresho byo gukwirakwiza. Muri ibyo bidasanzwe, byazamutse bitagira aho bibogamiye - kugeza kuri - Umuvuduko wisi (NEV) - bakunze kwita voltage yumuhanda, kutagira aho ubogamiye, cyangwa kutagira aho ubogamiye - kugeza kuri - voltage yubutaka - byerekana imwe mubibazo bitesha umutwe kandi byangiza byugarije abashinzwe amashanyarazi muri iki gihe.
Intandaro yikigo cyinganda zikwirakwiza amashanyarazi topologiya yicaye Inama y'Abaminisitiri. Uru ruzitiro rukora nk'isangano rikomeye aho ibiryo by'ibanze cyangwa ibikoresho bya transformateur bimanurwa, bigabanywa, kandi bikanyuzwa mu byuma bizunguruka, bisi zitagira aho zibogamiye, hamwe na bisi zihagarara kugira ngo zitange ibinyabiziga bifite moteri, ibintu bishyushya, amatara, hamwe n’imiyoboro ikora neza. Iyo NEV itera imbere cyangwa mu nsi y’inama y’abaminisitiri ikwirakwiza amashanyarazi, itesha agaciro ituze ry’amashanyarazi, igahagarika itumanaho rya digitale, igatera ingendo z’ibikoresho zidasobanutse, yihutisha gusenya, kandi igatanga ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano ku bakozi b’uruganda.
Gusobanukirwa uburyo NEV ituruka, kumenya ibimenyetso byayo ku mubiri no mu buryo bwa digitale, no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zikomeye zo gusuzuma no kugabanya ingufu mu Nama y'Abaminisitiri ishinzwe gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu gukomeza ibikorwa by’inganda bihamye, bifite umutekano, kandi neza.
Shingiro rya Bidafite aho bibogamiye - kugeza - Umuvuduko wisi (NEV)
Kugira ngo wumve impamvu kuzamura bitagira aho bibogamiye - kugeza kuri - imbaraga z’isi zitera sisitemu idahungabana, umuntu agomba kubanza gushyiraho amahame y’amashanyarazi y’icyiciro cya gatatu - icyiciro, bine - imiyoboro yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mu nganda.
Ibyiza by'amashanyarazi
Muburyo butatu - icyiciro cya wye iboneza ryamashanyarazi, ingingo yo hagati ya transformateur ya kabiri ihinduranya ibice bitagira aho bibogamiye, bihujwe cyane nubutaka bukuru bwa electrode. Mubihe byiza - aho imitwaro itatu - iringaniza rwose kandi ntamutwaro - uremereye uhari - igiteranyo cyumubare wamashanyarazi ugaruka unyuze mumashanyarazi atabogamye angana na zeru. Kubera iyo mpamvu, gupima itandukaniro rishobora kuba hagati ya busbar itabogamye hamwe na bisi ihagarara imbere yinama ishinzwe gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi bigomba gutanga isomwa rya zeru zeru AC.
Umuvuduko udafite aho ubogamiye na Offsets ziteye akaga
Mubyukuri - kwisi yinganda zisi, zeru nyayo - volt ubushobozi hagati yabutabogamye nisi ntibishoboka kubungabunga. Kubera ko umuringa na aluminiyumu bitagira aho bibogamiye bifite imbaraga zo guhangana na reaction ya inductive, umuyoboro uwo ari wo wose ugaruka ku isoko utanga imbaraga za voltage mu burebure bw’umuyoboro utabogamye ukurikije amategeko ya Ohm.
Iri gabanuka ryimikorere ya voltage ikora itandukaniro rishobora gupimwa hagati yumurongo utabogamye imbere muri minisiteri ikwirakwiza amashanyarazi hamwe nubutaka bwa kure. Mugihe hateganijwe ko voltage ntoya itangwa gusa nubusanzwe imizigo isanzwe iteganijwe, ibibazo bivuka mugihe imigezi ikabije, ibintu byinshi bihuza, cyangwa inzira ndende - inzira yo kurwanya itera itandukaniro rishobora kurenga kwihanganira akazi.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho ninganda zinganda
Amabwiriza asanzwe y’amashanyarazi - nka IEEE 1100 (Basabwe Kwimenyereza Gukoresha no Gutaka Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki) hamwe n’ibipimo mpuzamahanga bya IEC - muri rusange basaba ko - leta idafite aho ibogamiye - kugeza {{5}
Iyo ibipimo bya NEV biri imbere yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi Inama y'Abaminisitiri yazamutse hejuru ya 3.0 kugeza kuri 5.0 volt AC, imiyoboro igenzura imibare itangira guhura nikibazo cyitumanaho ryigihe gito. Niba NEV irenze volt 10 AC, ihungabana rikomeye ryimikorere, kunanirwa ibyuma bidashyitse, hamwe n’ingaruka zikomeye z'umutekano w'amashanyarazi ziba hafi.
Impamvu zitera kuzamuka kwa NEV muri sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza inganda
Kuzamuka kutagira aho bibogamiye - kugeza kuri - imbaraga z'isi ni gake zikomoka ku ikosa rimwe ryitaruye. Ahubwo, mubisanzwe nibisubizo byikwirakwizwa ryikwirakwizwa ryimitwaro mibi, ibikoresho bya kijyambere bitari - umurongo wa elegitoroniki, ibikoresho byabaministre bishaje, hamwe na topologiya idakwiye.
Kuringaniza Ingaragu - Imizigo y'Icyiciro
Mu nganda zikora inganda, ibintu bitatu - imitwaro yicyiciro (nka moteri iremereye yamashanyarazi na compressor) ikorana nu mutwaro umwe - (imitwaro ifasha, pompe imwe - pompe, amashanyarazi, hamwe na mudasobwa ikora). Niba abashinze ibihingwa bahuza byinshi cyane - imitwaro yicyiciro kumaguru kamwe imbere yinama yo gukwirakwiza ingufu, vector iringaniza ya sisitemu ya - ya sisitemu irasenyuka.
Ubusumbane bwibisubizo byavuyemo nta kundi byagenda usibye gusubira mumasoko ya transformateur ukoresheje umuyobozi utabogamye. Nkuko uku kugaruka kwinshi guhatira inzira kunyura muri bisi itabogamye no gukwirakwiza insinga, itanga ingufu zingana nigabanuka kumurongo, bigatwara imbaraga za voltage kumurongo utabogamye ugereranije nubutaka bwisi.
Hejuru - Guhuza inshuro zikoreshwa na Non - Imizigo
Ikwirakwizwa rya non - umurongo wa elegitoroniki yumurongo wa elegitoroniki mubidukikije bigezweho ninganda nyamukuru ya NEV ikomeye. Ibikoresho nka Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs), imbere ikora - amaherezo ya moteri igenzura, yahinduye - uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi, inganda zo gusudira, hamwe na LED yamurika ikurura amashanyarazi mugihe gitunguranye, kitari - sinusoidal puls aho kuba cyoroshye, gikomeza.
Imiyoboro ya pulsing itanga imirongo ihuza - byumwihariko inshuro eshatu (3, 9, 15, 21, na ordre zo hejuru). Bitandukanye ningingo ya 60Hz cyangwa 50Hz, ihagarika mugenzi wawe muburyo buringaniye butatu - sisitemu, icyiciro cya gatatu cyuzuzanya cyiyongera cyubaka kumuyoboro utabogamye. Mubikoresho byikora cyane, bitagira aho bibogamiye bigendana nubwuzuzanye birashobora rwose kurenga icyiciro cyuzuye cyagenwe cya sisitemu. Uyu mugezi munini, muremure - wumurongo wumurongo utera imbaraga za voltage nyinshi hejuru ya bisi itabogamye muri minisiteri ishinzwe gukwirakwiza ingufu, bigatuma habaho kutabogama gukabije - kugeza kuri -.
Hejuru - Kurwanya Kutagira aho ubogamiye no kwangirika
Kwangirika kwibyuma byumubiri imbere yimbaraga nundi nyirabayazana. Ibidukikije mu nganda bikunze guhura n’imashini ziremereye ziva mu mashini zituranye, gusiganwa ku magare y’ibidukikije (gushyushya munsi yumutwaro no gukonjesha mugihe cyo guhagarika), hamwe numwotsi wangiza ikirere cyangwa ubuhehere.
Igihe kirenze, izo mbaraga zingirakamaro zitera imiyoboro iremereye, itabogamye ya busbar lug bolts, hamwe nibiryo nyamukuru bihuza kugabanuka, okiside, cyangwa korode. Umuyoboro urekuye ukora urwego rwo hejuru -. Nkuko bitagira aho bibogamiye bigerageza kurenga iyi barrière irwanya, igitonyanga cyumubyigano cyaho kigenda gitera imbere muguhuza ubwacyo, bikazamura bisi yose itabogamye ya bisi itabogamye kuri voltage ishobora guteza akaga isi.
Imyubakire idakwiye yubatswe hamwe nubutaka
Ibishushanyo mbonera bidakwiye akenshi byongera ibibazo bitagira aho bibogamiye. Amategeko y’amashanyarazi yigihugu ategeka rwose ko umuyobozi utagira aho abogamiye agomba guhuzwa nubutaka burinda ahantu hamwe gusa - mubisanzwe ku bwinjiriro bwa serivisi yambere cyangwa kumurongo wa kabiri wintambwe yitaruye - kumanuka.
Niba ari byiza - bivuze ko abatekinisiye bashyizeho impanuka batabogamye - kugeza - gusimbuka hasi imbere yimbere munsi ya - urwego rwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, barema inzira igaruka kumuyoboro utabogamye. Ibice bigabanijwe hagati yumugambi utabogamye hamwe numuyoboro urinda umutekano, ibikoresho bya chassis bitanga ingufu, imiyoboro yicyuma, hamwe namakadiri yabakozi muri kiriya kigo hamwe na voltage yayobye.
Ingaruka zikorwa kubikoresho byinganda nabakozi
Iyo kutabogama - kugeza kuri - Umuvuduko w’isi uzamutse utagenzuwe imbere muri Guverinoma ishinzwe gukwirakwiza ingufu, ingaruka zayo zangiza ziragenda ziyongera mu nganda zose zikora, bigira ingaruka kuri logique ya digitale, ibyuma bifatika, n’umutekano w’abantu.
Ibikoresho Imikorere mibi na ruswa y'itumanaho
Imirongo igezweho itunganijwe yishingikiriza hejuru - itumanaho ryihuse - nka Ethernet / IP, Profinet, Modbus, na RS - 485 ikurikirana - kugirango inyuze mugihe nyacyo hagati ya Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), sensor ya array, hamwe na moderi ya I / O. Transceiver kuri aya makarita yitumanaho rya digitale ikoresha ibimenyetso byaho byerekana ibimenyetso kugirango itandukanye hagati ya binary (binary 1) na voltage (binary 0) voltage pulses.
Iyo hejuru ya NEV iha ingufu umuyoboro wubutaka, itera urusaku rusanzwe - rwinjira mumurongo werekana insinga za signal. Imiyoboro ya digitale ntishobora gusobanura neza amakuru yinjira, biganisha kumapaki yamakuru yangiritse, amakosa ya sensor ya "phantom" rimwe na rimwe, guhagarika imashini zitunguranye, hamwe no gufunga kugenzura bidasobanutse bihagarika umusaruro.
Kunanirwa Ibihe Bitaragera hamwe na Stresse yubushyuhe
Hejuru ya NEV hamwe nibisano byayo bitagira aho bibogamiye bitera guhangayika cyane mubikoresho byo gukwirakwiza. Umuvuduko ukabije utagira aho ubogamiye utera ubushyuhe bwihuse imbere muri bisi zitabogamye, guhagarika itumanaho, hamwe ninsinga zigaburira muri minisiteri ishinzwe gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi.
Ubu bushyuhe bukabije bushonga insinga, byihutisha iyangirika ryamazu yamenetse yumuzunguruko, kandi byangiza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye byashyizwe kumurongo wa DIN. Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, imirongo myinshi ihuza imirongo inyura mu muzingi utagira aho ibogamiye itera imigezi yayobye mu byuma bikikijwe n'ibyuma, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwaho bushyuha hamwe no guhinduranya insimburangingo hakiri kare.
Ibyago byo Kurinda Abakozi
Umutekano w'abakozi ugaragaza impungenge zikomeye zikikije NEV. Iyo amashanyarazi adafite aho abogamiye yinjiye mumashanyarazi kubera kutabogama bitemewe - imiyoboro yubutaka cyangwa amashanyarazi akomeye, uruzitiro rwuma rwimbere rwinama yinama ishinzwe gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, ibyuma byubaka byubatswe, hamwe namakadiri yimashini bihinduka ingufu hamwe na voltage yayobye.
Umukoresha ukora ku kabati kongerewe ingufu mu gihe icyarimwe ahagaze hasi ya beto itose cyangwa agafata intoki zometse hasi arangiza amashanyarazi, yakira ikintu gitunguranye -. Mugihe kinini {2}
Ingamba zo kugabanya, gusuzuma, no gukumira
Gukemura ibibazo bya NEV bisaba uburyo bunoze buhuza ibizamini bisuzumwa neza, kuringaniza imbaho, gushungura, no gukurikiza byimazeyo ibipimo by'amashanyarazi.
Kuringaniza imitwaro itunganijwe
Intambwe yambere mukugabanya NEV imbere yinama ishinzwe gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ni ugukora igenzura ryuzuye mumaguru yose uko ari atatu yinjira ukoresheje metero yukuri - RMS ya clamp ya metero cyangwa - umuyoboro wimbaraga zisesengura ubuziranenge.
Niba imirongo imwe - icyiciro cyamashami yagabanijwe ku buryo butangana, amashanyarazi yo kubungabunga agomba kongera - kugena imiyoboro yumuzunguruko wamashami kumurongo wanyuma kugirango uhuze imitwaro yibanze iriho bishoboka. Kuringaniza icyiciro cyimyuka bigabanya cyane ibyingenzi bitagira aho bigarukira, uhita ugabanya imbaraga za voltage kumuhanda utabogamye.
Guhindura Harmonic no Guhindura Isolation
Iyo non - umurongo utwara imizigo itwara inshuro eshatu zidafite aho zibogamiye, imitwaro yoroshye iringaniye ntabwo ihagije. Ibikoresho bigomba gukoresha tekinike yihariye yo guhagarika:
K {0
Akayunguruzo gakomeye (AHFs): AHFs ikurikirana imiyoboro ihuza umurongo mugihe nyacyo - hanyuma igatera inshinge - icyiciro cyimiterere ihuza bisi itabogamye, ikuraho kugoreka kutari - kugarura umurongo no kugarura umuyaga utagira aho ubogamiye.
Kubungabunga Inama y'Abaminisitiri no Guhuza
Kwirinda kumubiri kubungabunga Inama ishinzwe gukwirakwiza ingufu ningirakamaro mugukuraho offsets zidafite aho zibogamiye. Amatsinda yo gufata neza agomba gushyiraho scan yerekana amashusho yubushyuhe buri gihe akoresheje kamera ya infragre kugirango amenye ahantu hashyushye bidasanzwe kuri bisi zitagira aho zibogamiye, guhagarika lug, hamwe n’ibimena.
Mugihe cyateganijwe cyo guhagarika ibihingwa, abatekinisiye bagomba gukoresha kalibatifike yumuriro kugirango bongere - gutwika imashini zose zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi kubisobanuro byuruganda, bakuraho okiside iyo ari yo yose kandi bagakoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bwa - kugeza kuri -.
Kugenzura Impamvu no Kuringaniza - Inyangamugayo
Hanyuma, abatekinisiye bagomba kugenzura byimazeyo imyubakire yubutaka kugirango barebe ko - ingingo itabogamye - guhuza ubutaka:
Kugenzura imbere muri buri gice cyo gukwirakwiza ingufu z'abaminisitiri kugira ngo wemeze ko bisi itabogamye ikomeza kuba kure y’icyuma gikingira ibyuma hamwe n’ubutaka bukingira isi.
Kuraho ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose kidafite aho kibogamiye - kugeza kuri - guhuza gusimbuka hasi biri munsi yumuryango winjira muri serivise nkuru cyangwa transformateur yonyine.
Menya neza ko ibikoresho bisukuye, byabigenewe bitwara imashini bikora neza hamwe nicyuma kidafite aho kibogamiye mu muyoboro umwe wibyuma kugirango wirinde kuzenguruka.
Umwanzuro
Kutabogama - kugeza - ibibazo byumuvuduko wisi ni ikibazo gikomeye, gikunze kugaragara nabi kubikorwa byinganda zigezweho. Bitwarwa nuburinganire - icyiciro cyo kutaringaniza icyiciro, kugoreka guhuza ibintu biturutse kuri - umurongo wa elegitoroniki yumurongo wa elegitoronike, hejuru - guhuza imbaraga, hamwe n’imigozi idahwitse ya kabiri, kuzamura NEV byangiza bucece sisitemu yizewe numutekano wurubuga.
Nka nervice nkuru yumurongo wamashanyarazi yinganda, Inama ishinzwe gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ikora nkibibanza byibanze aho izo voltage zidasanzwe zidafite aho zibogamiye ndetse n’ahantu hambere hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo bunoze bwo kugenzura.
Mugushira mubikorwa ubugenzuzi busanzwe bwa infrarafarike, gushyira mubikorwa uburemere - kuringaniza, gukoresha ibikoresho byo kuyungurura, guhuza ibyuma bya bisi ya bisi, no kubungabunga umurongo umwe - utagira aho ubogamiye, abashinzwe inganda n’abashakashatsi b’amashanyarazi barashobora gukuraho neza ibintu bitagira aho bibogamiye. Kutagira aho ubogamiye - kugeza kuri - Umuvuduko w’isi wizeza ibimenyetso bihamye byo kugenzura, kurinda ibikorwa remezo by’ingufu zikomeye, birinda igihe cy’ibicuruzwa bitunguranye, kandi bigatanga umutekano muke ku bakozi b’uruganda.