Intangiriro
Mu nganda zigezweho zikoreshwa, inganda zikora imiti iremereye, ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, nibikorwa remezo byingirakamaro, sisitemu yamashanyarazi ikora mubibazo bidahwema kubungabunga ibidukikije. Igenzura rya Microprocessor, disiki zihindagurika, disikuru zihindura, hamwe na - yamashanyarazi yamashanyarazi yicaye kumurongo wibikorwa. Inzitizi yibanze yo kwirwanaho irinda ibi bikoresho byoroshye kugenzura kunanirwa n’ibiza ni uruganda rukora inganda - cyane cyane Inama ishinzwe gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi -.
Inama ishinzwe gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ikora nkikigo cyibanze cyogutanga amashanyarazi yaho, igabanya umurongo wambere wambere - imirongo yingufu zikoresha amashanyarazi mumashanyarazi yizewe kumashini yinganda, kumurika, nibikoresho byo gutunganya. Niba ibintu byiza bitwara ibintu neza, ubuhehere bw’ibidukikije, ibicu byangiza imiti, cyangwa ingaruka zimpanuka zangiza urukuta rwabaminisitiri, ingaruka zikorwa zirashobora kuba mbi. Flash flash itunguranye, umuzunguruko mugufi, cyangwa kugenzura kunanirwa kugenzura birashobora guhagarika umurongo wose wibyakozwe, bigatera ibihumbi icumi byamadorari kumasaha mugicuruzwa cyatakaye, amafaranga yo gusimbuza ibikoresho, hamwe ninshingano zumutekano.
Kugirango dusuzume neza uburyo uruzitiro rwihanganira ibyo byangiza ibidukikije ndetse n’umubiri, umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ubwubatsi ushingiye ku bipimo bibiri byuzuzanya: Ibipimo byo Kurinda Ingress (IP) hamwe n’ibipimo byo Kurinda Ingaruka (IK). Guhitamo neza ibipimo bya IP na IK bisaba kuringaniza imiterere yibidukikije, imicungire yubushyuhe bukenewe, ingaruka ziterwa numubiri, hamwe ningengo yimari yigihe kirekire -.
Gusobanura Kurinda Ingress (IP) Ibipimo: Umukungugu, Amazi, ningufu zumuvuduko
Iyobowe ku isi yose na komisiyo mpuzamahanga ya Electrotechnical Commission IEC 60529, sisitemu yo kugenzura Ingress Protection (IP) isobanura uburyo ikigo cy’amashanyarazi kibuza neza ibintu bikomeye by’amazi n’amazi kwinjira mu cyuho cy’imbere.
Babiri - Imibare yububiko
Urutonde rwa IP rugizwe na kode ebyiri - imibare yimibare ikurikira IP ibanziriza. Buri mibare isuzuma imipaka itandukanye yo kurinda umubiri:
Umubare wa mbere (Kurinda Solide, Igipimo 0 kugeza 6): Gupima uburyo bwo kwirinda ibintu bikomeye, uhereye ku bice binini byumubiri wabantu (nkamaboko) ukageza ku mukungugu wa microscopique. Urutonde rwa 5 rwerekana umukungugu - urwego rwarinzwe (ntoya itari - yangiza ivumbi ryemewe), mugihe igipimo cya 6 cyerekana umukungugu rwose - kashe ya vacuum yemerera kwinjira muri zeru.
Umubare wa kabiri (Kurinda Amazi, Umunzani 0 kugeza 9K): Ingamba zo gukingira amazi yinjira, gutera imbere kuva kumatembabuzi ya vertike (1 cyangwa 2) no kumena amazi (4) kugeza ku ndege zikomeye (6), kwibiza mu mazi munsi (8), hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi -, 9K
Ibipimo ngenderwaho bisanzwe bya IP
Ibikoresho byinganda ntibikunze gukoresha bike - imibare ya IP kuko umukungugu wibidukikije hamwe nubushuhe bwibidukikije hafi ya byose bihari. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bisanzwe byinganda bitangirira kuri IP54, itanga umukungugu wibanze no kurinda amazi kumeneka aho ariho hose, bigatuma ibera ibyumba byingirakamaro byo murugo.
Kubikorwa bisanzwe byo gukora, IP55 na IP65 byerekana ibipimo byakazi. IP65 - yagabanijwe Inama ishinzwe gukwirakwiza ingufu ni umukungugu rwose - irakomeye kandi irashobora kurwanya imigezi y’amazi y’amazi - yatewe mu zuru. Iyo akabati yicaye hanze aho imvura - itwarwa n’imvura, spray yo mu nyanja, cyangwa umuyaga mwinshi, abajenjeri bagaragaza ibigo bya IP66, birwanya indege z’amazi y’umuvuduko mwinshi kandi bikabuza ko amazi yinjira mu gihe cy’imvura nyinshi.
Gukaraba no Kwibiza
Mubidukikije byihariye byo gutunganya, ibisabwa birinda amazi birenze ikirere. Ibikoresho bigengwa n’amabwiriza akomeye y’isuku - nk’inganda zitunganya ibiryo, ibikoresho byo gutekamo ibinyobwa, na laboratoire ya farumasi - zikoresha umuvuduko ukabije -, ubushyuhe bukabije - bwogeje imiti kugira ngo habeho isuku.
Ibidukikije bisaba IP69K - ibigo byapimwe (bigengwa na ISO 20653 na DIN 40050 - 9). Igipimo cya IP69K cyemeza ko Inama y’Inama ishinzwe gukwirakwiza ingufu ishobora kwihanganira guturika, gufunga - biturika biturutse hejuru - ibisasu by’amazi bitanga amazi ku muvuduko ugera ku kabari 100 (1,450 PSI) n'ubushyuhe bugera kuri dogere selisiyusi 80. Hagati aho, uruzitiro rwa IP68 rwagenewe kubikwa mu kuzimu, ibyobo bya pompe bya komini, cyangwa ibikoresho byo mu nyanja bikunze kwibasirwa n’umwuzure aho ibikoresho bigomba gukomeza gukora mu gihe bikomeza kwibizwa mu mazi.
Gusobanura Ingaruka zo Kurinda (IK) Ibipimo: Imbaraga za mashini hamwe na Kinetic Resistance
Mugihe amanota ya IP asuzuma kurwanya ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije nkibintu byangiza ikirere hamwe nudukoko twangiza, ibipimo byo kurinda ingaruka (IK) bipima imbaraga zuruzitiro rukomeye rwingufu zumubiri. Bisobanuwe hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho by’iburayi EN 62262 hamwe n’urwego mpuzamahanga IEC 62262, igipimo cy’ibipimo cya IK kigereranya umubare w'ingufu za kinetic uruzitiro rushobora gukuramo mbere yuko ruvunika amazu, rugahinduka, cyangwa rwangiza umutekano w’imbere.
Igipimo cya Joules
Sisitemu yo kugenzura IK ikoresha kode ebyiri - kode yimibare kuva kuri IK00 (nta kurinda) kugeza kuri IK10 (kurinda bisanzwe). Buri ntambwe yumubare ihuye ningufu zihariye za kinetic zapimwe muri Joules (J), zageragejwe no guta ubuntu - kugwa kubusa pendulumu yicyuma, inyundo zo mu mpeshyi, cyangwa guta - uburemere hejuru yinama y'abaminisitiri, hinges, no kureba Windows.
IK Igipimo Cyiterambere
Gusobanukirwa ingufu za kinetic zingana nubunini bwa IK bifasha injeniyeri kwiyumvisha ibintu nyabyo - ingaruka zakazi ku isi:
IK06 (0.7 Joules): Bingana nikintu cya garama 500 cyamanutse kiva muburebure bwa santimetero 14. Birakwiye kumwanya wibiro bikingiwe cyangwa urumuri rwo kugenzura imbere.
IK08 (5.0 Joules): Bingana na kilo 1.7 yicyuma cyavuye kuri santimetero 30. Ibi byerekana ibyingenzi bisabwa mubucuruzi busanzwe nubucuruzi bworoshye.
IK10 (20.0 Joules): Bingana na kilo 5.0 ya misa cyangwa icyuma cyamanutse kiva kuri santimetero 40. Uruzitiro rwa IK10 rukurura ingaruka zikomeye nta guturika, bigatuma biba ngombwa ku nganda zikomeye, aho ubwato bwoherezwa, ibikorwa by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, hamwe n’ahantu hahurira abantu benshi bakunze kugongana cyangwa kwangiza.
Kurenga IK10 (IK 10+ / 50 Joules): Inzu ziremereye ziremereye - zagenewe imirimo igenewe igisirikare gikabije, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, cyangwa gari ya moshi zubatswe kugira ngo zihangane na Joules zigera kuri 50 z'ingufu za kinetic, zikurura ingaruka zikomeye zitabangamiye ibice by'imbere mu gihugu.
Guhitamo Ibikoresho hamwe nubwubatsi
Ikirangantego cya IK giterwa nuburyo bugizwe nibikoresho byubatswe. Ikiremereye - gipima ibyuma bya karubone bikubye, bishyushye - kwibiza ibyuma bya galvanis, na 316 - ibyuma bitagira umuyonga mubisanzwe bitanga imbaraga zo guhangana na IK10. Nyamara, polymers zigezweho zigezweho - nkikirahure - fibre yongerewe imbaraga polyester (GRP) hamwe na UV - ituje ya polyakarubone-irashobora kandi kugera ku gipimo cya IK09 cyangwa IK10 mugihe itanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa no kuzigama cyane.
Ba injeniyeri barusheho kunoza ingaruka zumubiri mugushyiramo imbaho zimbere, imfuruka ya radiyo igoramye ihindura imbaraga zinjira, hamwe ninshuro ebyiri - zikikijwe n'inzugi.
Gusaba - Ingamba zo Guhitamo Gutwara Amabati yo gukwirakwiza ingufu
Kugaragaza amanota mu cyuho akenshi biganisha kuri - injeniyeri (guta umutungo wamafaranga) cyangwa munsi ya - injeniyeri (gutumira ibikoresho byananiranye). Uburyo bwiza bwo gutoranya bujyanye numwirondoro wibidukikije wurubuga rwubushakashatsi hamwe na IP ikwiye hamwe na IK.
Uruganda rwo mu nzu Igorofa n'imirongo yo kwikora
Ku igorofa risanzwe rikorerwa mu nzu cyangwa mu mucyo, iterabwoba ryibanze ni ugukata ibyuma byo mu kirere, umukungugu wa karubone, ibicu byiza bya peteroli, n'ingaruka z'umubiri ziterwa no kunyura hejuru cyangwa amakarito yo gukoresha ibikoresho.
Kuriyi miterere, igipimo cya IP54 cyangwa IP55 gitanga umukungugu uhagije no gukingira ibintu bitabujije bitari ngombwa guhumeka ikirere. Nyamara, ingaruka zumubiri zishobora kuba nyinshi. Inama ishinzwe gukwirakwiza ingufu zashyizwe hafi yinzira ikora igomba kwerekana byibuze igipimo cya IK09 cyangwa IK10 - akenshi gishimangirwa hasi - cyashyizwemo ibyuma byo hanze - kugirango harebwe ko kugongana kworoheje na jack palet yamashanyarazi bidasenya bisi yimbere.
Ibikoresho byo hanze, Imirasire y'izuba, hamwe nikirere gikaze
Ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi hanze byugarije izuba, ubushyuhe bukabije, umuyaga - umusenyi uhuha, imvura itwara, hamwe no kwegeranya urubura. Imirasire y'izuba, ibirindiro byumuyaga, hamwe n’amashanyarazi yo hanze bisaba igipimo cya IP65 cyangwa IP66 kugirango imvura yihuta - imvura yumuyaga n'umucanga mwiza uturuka kumuyaga biturutse kuri electronique yumuriro.
Urutonde rwa IK ruherekejwe no gushyira hanze rugomba kuba IK08 kugeza IK10, rutanga kurwanya imyanda ituruka ku muyaga, amashami y'ibiti agwa, urubura, no kwangiza. Byongeye kandi, akabati yo hanze isaba UV - ifu yihanganira ifu cyangwa kubaka ibyuma bitagira umwanda kugirango birinde amazu arinda kwangirika no gutakaza uburinganire bwa IP / IK mugihe runaka.
Inganda Zitunganya cyane: Ibiribwa, Imiti, nubucukuzi
Inganda zitunganya ibicuruzwa zigaragaza ingaruka mbi:
Ibikoresho by'ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa: Hejuru - umuvuduko ukabije w'amazi ashyushye bisaba IP69K. Kubaka ibyuma bitagira umuyonga hamwe n’ibisenge byoroshye, birasabwa kugira ngo amazi adahurira hamwe na bagiteri gukura hejuru y’abaminisitiri.
Ibimera bitunganya imiti: Imyuka yangiza ya chimique irashobora kurya ikoresheje gasketi isanzwe ya reberi, ikabangamira uruzitiro rwa IP66 mumasanduku yamenetse mugihe runaka. Hano, guhuza imiti nibyingenzi nkimibare ya IP ubwayo.
Ibikorwa byo gucukura no gucukura amabuye y'agaciro: Urwego rwinshi rwumukungugu rusaba umukungugu wa IP60 cyangwa IP66 rwose - kashe ikomeye, mugihe ibisasu biturika bikabije hamwe n’imyanda yaguye bisaba IK10 cyangwa urwego rwo hejuru.
Ibitekerezo Byubuhanga Birenze Kode Yurwego
Kugaragaza kode ya IP na IK kuri igishushanyo mbonera cyumushinga nintambwe yambere gusa. Kugumana ibyo byiciro birinda ubuzima bw'inama y'abaminisitiri igihe cyose bisaba ko umuntu yitondera cyane ingufu z'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bifunga kashe, hamwe no guhindura umurima.
Ubucuruzi bwo gucunga ubushyuhe - off
Ubushobozi - ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi bitanga ubushyuhe bugaragara. Ikibazo gikomeye cyubwubatsi ni ugucunga umutwaro wumuriro utabangamiye kashe yikingira.
Gufunga Inama y'Abaminisitiri yo gukwirakwiza ingufu kuri IP66 cyangwa IP69K ikora agasanduku ko mu kirere gafata ubushyuhe imbere. Niba ubushyuhe bwimbere buzamutse butagenzuwe, ibyuma byumuzunguruko bigenda imburagihe kandi disiki ya elegitoronike irananirana.
Ba injeniyeri bagomba guhuza - kuzenguruka sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe - nkumwuka - kugeza kuri - guhanahana ikirere cyangwa gufunga - icyuma gikonjesha. Ibi bice bikonjesha bikomeza umwuka wimbere wimbere, bikwirakwiza ubushyuhe binyuze mubushyuhe bufunze - bwo guhanahana ibicuruzwa mugihe hagumijwe kurinda IP n’inama y’abaminisitiri.
Ikirango na Gasket Kuramba
Urutonde rwa IP rwikigo rushingiye rwose kuri gasketi ya elastomeric yagabanijwe hagati yikariso ninzu nkuru. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bya gasike birimo Polyurethane (PUR) ifuro, EPDM, Nitrile, na Silicone. Igihe kirenze, ibintu nka ozone, ubushyuhe bwinshi, imyotsi yimiti, hamwe ninzinguzingo zumuryango bituma gasketi igira "compression set" - gutakaza burundu elastique ituma kashe idasubira inyuma.
Inama y'abaminisitiri itangira ubuzima bwayo kuri IP66 irashobora kwangirika vuba kuri IP52 mugihe gasike igoye kandi ikagabanuka. Kugaragaza hejuru - gukira bidasubirwaho wasutswe - muri - shyira polyurethane cyangwa gasike ya silicone byemeza igihe kirekire - igihe cyo kwibuka kashe murwego rwo hejuru -.
Umugozi winjira mubuyobozi no gukata kumurima
Inama ishinzwe gukwirakwiza ingufu ziva mu ruganda zifite amanota IP66 na IK10. Ariko, ibyo bipimo birahita biteshwa agaciro niba abatekinisiye bo mu murima baciye umwobo utubutse hejuru cyangwa impande zagasanduku kugirango bakoreshe insinga zinjira.
Kugirango ugumane ibipimo byinjira byemewe, ibyinjira byose bigomba gukorwa hifashishijwe plaque yihariye yashyizwemo umuringa wa IP66 cyangwa IP68, ibyuma bidafite ingese, cyangwa insinga za nylon. Imyobo idakoreshwa igomba gufungwa hamwe na IP - zapimwe zipakurura ibyuma, kandi urukuta rwose - ingobyi yo kwishyiriraho igomba gukoresha imyobo ifunze kugirango ibuze amazi kurira mu gikari kizengurutse ibiti.
Umwanzuro
Guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda sisitemu yingufu zinganda bisaba kumva neza ibidukikije, ingaruka zumubiri, hamwe nubukangurambaga bwibikoresho. Sisitemu yo kugenzura IP na IK itanga urwego rusobanutse, rusanzwe rwo gusuzuma ubwo bushobozi bwo kurinda: Ingabo zirinda Ingress zirinda umukungugu wa microscopique, imvura itwara, hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi - wo gukaraba imiti, mu gihe Kurinda Impinduka byemeza uburinganire bw’imiterere ikabije.
Kurenga - kwerekana ibipimo byuzuzanya byerekana igiciro cyambere cyamafaranga kandi bigora imicungire yumuriro, mugihe munsi ya - kwerekana amanota yerekana ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bihenze kunanirwa imburagihe, amasaha atateganijwe, hamwe n’umutekano muke.
Mugusuzuma buri gihe ingaruka ziterwa nakazi, kuringaniza ibisabwa bya IP hamwe nibisubizo bifunze - gukonjesha gukonjesha, guhitamo ibikoresho byabaministre bidasubirwaho, no gushyira mu bikorwa protocole ikomeye ya gland, abashinzwe amashanyarazi barashobora guhitamo inama nziza yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Guhuza uburyo bwo kurinda umutekano hamwe nukuri - kurubuga rwisi rusaba ko imiyoboro ikomeye yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ikora neza, ubudahwema, kandi bwizewe mumyaka mirongo ya serivisi yinganda.